Electrical Charges

Positive Charge - A positive charge is obtained by a body when it loses electrons or gains a proton . The positively charged ion is also known as cation . The process of losing electrons is also known as oxidation . Elements to the left of the periodic table are electro-positive and lose electrons easily to become cation . When in the state of cation . Its ion's atomic radius decreases . Examples of such highly electro-positive elements are Lithium , Sodium , Potassium , Rubidium , Cesium . Even gaining proton makes atoms or molecules positively charged . Like when acids are added to water . Water gains a H+ ions or basically a proton to become a cation .
Negative Charge - A negative charged is obtained by a body when it gains electrons or loses protons . The negatively charged ion is also known as anion . The process of gaining electrons is also known as reduction . Elements to the right of the periodic table are electro-negative and tend to pull electrons towards itself . When they are in the state of anion , their atomic size generally increases . Examples of such highly electro-negative elements include fluorine , chlorine , oxygen , nitrogen etc. Even when they lose protons like in Acids with a hydrogen atom and an electro-negative atom , when the bond breaks , the hydrogen is released but then the electro-negative atom pulls the electron from hydrogen and becomes a anion and the proton is given away .

Common properties : Both positive and negatively charged body interact with magnetism . When these charged particles are moved , they tend to create a magnetic field , when entering an external magnetic field , they both experience a  force , if entering perpendicularly to the magnetic field , they start revolving in a circle . The state of these ions is plasma , they show conductive properties just like metals as they carry charge . These ions also glow when electricity is passed through them . 

DAS BASU RULE 1

For any known PRIME number greater than 10 and less than infinity , adding the digits of the number will make the sum to be
1/2/4/5/7/8

NOTE : This rule NOT applicable for proving a number as prime but it is used to verify a PRIME number


Example:  1601(prime)
                1+6+0+1 = 8


                25(not prime)
                2+5 = 7

GUPTA's FORMULA

GUPTA's FORMULA

To find a², we can use the following formula :-

a² = (a+b)(a-b)+b²
b can be any number

VERIFICATION

This formula is useful to find squares of numbers like 99

99² = (99+1)(99-1)+1²
=100*98+1
=9801

Done fast, easily, and accurately!!!

SHAMBO'S RULE

If a number x is a square of another number y then the square of  y+1 is {x+(2y+1)}

EXAMPLE:

1024² =1048576 then [1048576+{(2*1024)+1}]=1050625=1025²

What a Fact!!!

• In Tokyo, a bicycle is faster than a car for most trips of less than 50 minutes!
• A lightning bolt generates temperatures five times hotter than those found at the sun's surface!
• Forest fires move faster uphill than downhill!
• Peanuts are one of the ingredient in dynamite
• The two-foot long bird called a Kea that lives in New Zealand likes to eat the strips of rubber around car windows.
• A group of geese on the ground is a gaggle, a group of geese in the air is a skein!
• Clinophobia is the fear of beds
• The Earth weighs around 6,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons (5,940 billion billion metric tons)